A power conversion system is a mono- or bidirectional converter that can control the charging and discharging of batteries, perform AC and DC conversions, and directly supply power to an AC load in the absence of a power grid.
A smart grid is the logical consequence of AMI solutions and the result of an evolutionary process. It is necessary to test and gradually incorporate new controls, notably the SCADA components.
A bidirectional energy meter can record energy usage, monitor power generation, and estimate the cost of energy. The meter allows for more flexibility and information in electrical usage.
Power grid operators need to consider the total harmonic distortion. It has to be maintained as low as practicably possible. Higher power factor, lower peak currents, and more efficiency result from decreased THD in the grid.