Many regions in the world suffer from a lag in power supply. The traditional method to supply all customer with electrical power is load shedding. To avoid a complete black-out, parts of the distribution system are shut down deliberately and with given outage times.
Means, the consumer has electrical power for e.g. two hours and no power for the next two hours.
Electronic energy meters with a build-in load switch can be programmed for a maximum load. If a consumer exceeds the limit, he will be disconnected.
Basically it works like this:
The energy meter makes a permanent comparison of the actual power versus the programmed maximum power. If the actual power is larger than the programmed value a timer is started (timer 1).
The timer values can be chosen by the utility. Usually it's a duration between 30 s and one minute. If the actual power consumption is still higher than the allowed maximum power, the load switch disconnects.
The load is reconnected after the elapsed time of timer 2.
In the meantime the consumer has the possibility to switch-off some home appliances to reduce the required power. Once the relay has connected, the loop starts over again.
The maximum load can be programmed on-site or by remote connection. The best way is to program remote via an AMI system. Here you can adjust the limits individually for each meter under various aspects like household-size.
You also get a better picture about the demand in certain regions. With increasing generator capacity you can easily set higher limits for all customers.
STS meters
For STS prepayment meters the load limiting is already implemented for a long time. The load limit can be set with a "Set Maximum Power Load Token". The procedure here is slightly different:
The meter disconnects after 30 seconds (timer 1) and reconnects after two minutes (timer 2). After four disconnection events within 30 minutes the meter remains disconnected for a lockout period of 30 minutes (default).
Display Indication
If the meter has disconnected due to over-power, the display shows the related information and toggles every two seconds to show the remaining waiting time.
Conclusion
I read recently that smart meters have only a load relay because the utilities are too lazy to go on site for meter disconnection. This is not the case.
Load relays have various functions for protection, tamper disconnection and to serve the utility customer for permanent power.
Editor's note: This article was originally published in October 2020 and has been updated for comprehensiveness.
What about using this feature with 3 phase CT Meter? How can we do it since there is no built-in load switch is included in the 3 phase CT Meter?
You are right. CT-meters can have a potential free contact to trigger a external relay or contactor.
Interesting!
Have you implemented this solution with an external contactor? Do you know any utility company that has tried it? In theory it is possible but maybe in practice some issues may raise?
Some utilities are asking for a potential free contact inside the meter for especially this purpose. Since we are meter supplier we cover only the metering side, I'm not sure how many of these meters are really in the field using the function. Personally I don't like it because CT-meters are used in industry, hospitals, shopping malls. Cutting the power without warning can be dangerous. A better option is billing with maximum demand. This has a good educational effect to limit the power.