CLOU GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY provides energy management products and customized solutions for efficient energy usage, cost reduction, and sustainability compliance.
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Recent Articles
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Acceptance tests for energy meters
From time to time there are some questions regarding the acceptance inspection (FAT) for energy meters. This paper is to clarify the legal and metrological matters.
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The difference between adjustment and calibration
Calibration means the comparison of a unit under test with test equipment with higher accuracy.
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Pulse Calculation for Stationary Test Benches
All energy meters used for billing purpose have a test output for calibration. This can be flashing diode, a pulse output at the terminal or the mark of a rotating disk. This test output gives us information about the power consumption.
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Terminal wiring for electrical energy meters
In meter- or test bench descriptions you can find various expressions, all with the same meaning.
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How long does a no-load test take?
When the voltage is applied with no current flowing in the current circuit, the test output of the meter shall not produce more than one pulse.
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The different current subscripts
Together with tender documents and meter specifications you will find various subscripts related to current. Now let's look more in detail: Starting current Ist according to IECThe starting current is a fraction of the basic current or nominal current. See the multiplication factors below: IEC 62053-11 direct connected class 1: 0.004 Ibclass 2: 0.005 Ib…
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When do I need Isolation Current Transformers?
Isolation Current Transformers (ICT) are needed to test more than one direct connected energy meter on a test bench with multiple positions, assuming that the I-P links can not be opened.
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The Standard Transfer Specification STS
The Standard Transfer Specification (STS) has become recognised as the only globally accepted open standard for prepayment systems, ensuring inter-operability between system components from different manufacturers of prepayment systems.
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The four-quadrant diagram in electricity metering
The interactive diagram shows the relationship between the phase angle φ, apparent-, active- and reactive power respective energy in accordance with clauses 12 and 14 of IEC 60375.
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Why do I need a Vector Diagram?
Modern reference standards and calibration devices have usually a graphical function to show the relationship between the voltages and the currents.
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What are harmonics ?
Generally a harmonic is a integer multiple of the fundamental frequency (nominal fn). When we have a fn of 50 Hz, the 3rd harmonics is traveling with 150 Hz. We can have harmonics in the voltages and in the currents.
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Calculating Apparent Power: Vectorial vs Arithmetic Method
There are two commonly used methods to calculate the apparent power (VA). The traditional method is the vectorial calculation.
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What is Maximum Demand Measurement?
Demand is a measure of average power consumption over a fixed time interval. Maximum (or peak) demand is the highest demand recorded over the billing period.
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Technical vs Non-Technical Losses: What You Need to Know
Technical losses are coming from current flowing in electrical installations. They can not be avoided, but reduced by proper installation. Technical losses can be calculated.
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Personal Safety for electrical installations
Personal safety comes first when working with electricity. It's never a mistake to review the basics.
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